Tuberculosis (TB)is a bacterial infection that, if left untreated, can be fatal.
This condition, sparked by the bacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosis, typically affects the lungs.
However, it can affect other parts of the body, including the bones.
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Spinal tuberculosisalso called Pott’s diseaseis the most common jot down ofTB affecting the bones.
This article discusses spinal tuberculosissymptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for this condition.
Spinal tuberculosis occurs whenM.
tuberculosisinfects bones in the spine, calledvertebrae.
This bacterium spreads from person to person through the air.
Diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis
Spinal tuberculosis is not very common, and diagnosis is often delayed.
Skin and Blood Tests
The presence ofM.
tuberculosisin the body can be detected with skin or blood tests.
The test is read 48 to 72 hours after the injection.
If a firm, swollen bump develops, it is measured in millimeters.
Blood tests can also be performed to detect the presence of TB bacteria.
Neither the skin nor blood tests specifically diagnose spinal tuberculosisthey only signify whether or not the bacteria is present.
In addition, results are often unavailable for six or more weeks, which could delay necessary treatment.
While many people exposed toM.
tuberculosiswon’t have any symptoms, some may have a latent TB infection that may develop into active TB.
Testing for latent TB is recommended for anyone at greater risk of exposure.
Imaging
Imaging is an important part of diagnosing spinal tuberculosis.
How Is Spinal Tuberculosis Treated?
Drug-resistant TB is difficult to manage and requires treatment by a medical expert.
These cases can sometimes be treated with fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs, but these medications have significant negative side effects.
Surgery
Spinal tuberculosis often requires surgery as part of treatment.
The exact procedures used depend on the extent of bone damage.
Prognosis for Spinal Tuberculosis
Spinal tuberculosis that isn’t treated can be fatal.
Early detection is key for improved prognosis.
Summary
Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs.
However, it can spread to other parts of the body, including the spine.
Spinal tuberculosis is diagnosed with skin or blood tests, tissue cultures, and imaging.
Treatment includes medication and, often, surgery to treat spine damage.
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a favorable prognosis.
A Word From Verywell
Spinal tuberculosis is a serious disease.
Talk to your healthcare provider if you have persistent back painparticularly without an injury.
Imaging can provide important information about the underlying cause of your symptoms.
If you’ve been exposed to someone with TB, seek immediate medical attention.
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