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Genes direct the synthesis of proteins in our bodies, which determines how we look and function. All humans typically have 46 chromosomes, 23 of which we inherit from our mothers and fathers, respectively. The first 22 pairs are calledautosomes, which determine our unique biological and physiological features. DEPT. OF CLINICAL CYTOGENETICS, ADDENBROOKES HOSPITAL / Science Photo Library / Getty Images Any error in genetic coding may affect development and the way our bodies work....

Fistulasare abnormal tunnel-shaped openings that form in the intestine and connect to another organ. Fistulas need prompt medical treatment to control infection and other complications. When untreated, the lesions grow larger until they connect to other organs. Verywell / Jessica Olah The primary management and treatment options for Crohn’s disease fistulas include: Surgeryis often needed to treat fistulas. Once the inflammation is under control, surgeons can remove or terminate the fistula....

This drug is like other triptans in many ways, but it does have some distinguishing characteristics. This neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood and pain. Triptans also induce vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels) in the brain. AsiaVision / Getty Images It is likely that a combination of these effects is at play. The latter may be appealing if you have difficulty swallowing pills. The tablet and the disintegrating forms are both available in 5-milligram (mg) and 10-mg doses....

Signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965, Medicare initially only had two parts. Since that time, the program has expanded to include more parts and, with that, more benefits. Medicare Part A: Hospital Coverage Part A is your hospital insurance. Verywell / Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin Do not assume this means everything will be paid in the long haul. Medicare hasstrict rulesthat limit how long it will cover these services, if at all....

There is currently no cureforpsoriatic arthritis(PsA). Psoriatic arthritis is a throw in of inflammatory arthritis affecting people withpsoriasis, an inflammatory skin condition. Psoriasis speeds up skin cell growth, causing them to build on the surface of the skin. Luis Alvarez / Getty Images Symptoms of PsA include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, along with skin lesions associated with psoriasis. The goal of PsA treatment is to improve skin and joint symptoms....

Symptoms MASLD develops slowly, over many years. Symptoms that you may experience if you have MASLD include: Some of these effects are not very noticeable. Often, people who have fatty liver do not have symptoms until the condition progresses and liver failure occurs. skaman306 / Getty Images The symptoms that can be associated with MASLD are more common in MASH. Fibrosis (thickening of the liver tissue) then ensues. The liver damage of MASLD is virtually identical to the liver damage seen in alcoholic fatty liver disease....

Metaplastic breast cancer (metaplastic carcinoma of the breast) is a very uncommon punch in of breast cancer. This article discusses the symptoms and diagnosis of metaplastic breast cancer. It also covers treatment options and how to cope with a diagnosis. LightFieldStudios / Getty Images For others, the symptoms are essentially the same as for other types of breast cancer. Get our printable guide for your next doctor’s appointment to help you ask the right questions....

There are several causes of metrorrhagia, some of which are harmless. In other cases, abnormalvaginal bleedingcan be a sign of a more serious condition. Menorrhagiais a menstrual disorder characterized by heavy or prolonged menstrual periods.The condition may be temporary or lifelong. AndreyCherkasov / Getty Images Symptoms Some women who menstruate regularly experience light bleeding orspottingat various times throughout their cycle. Spotting two weeks after your period may be a sign ofovulation....

Very rarely, migraine with brainstem aura is associated with seizures or coma. This theory has since been debunked. However, scientists still aren’t totally clear about what causes migraine with brainstem aura. Verywell / Emily Roberts Fortunately, this bang out of migraine is relatively rare. Usually, as with most migraine with aura disorders, the aura will subside as the headache kicks in. Along with head pain, migraine with brainstem aura usually is accompanied by nausea and vomiting....

The first record ofMinamatadisease was in Japan in the 1950s. Given the location, the people living here ate a lot of seafood. In the mid-1950s, the villagers started to notice their cats were behaving strangelyspecifically, falling into the sea. videophoto / Getty Images Some people even believed the cats' behavior was an act of suicide. Something was affecting theirnervous systembut what could it be? They named the condition Minamata disease....

The older names for MSA include three syndromes: Shy-Drager syndrome,striatonigraldegeneration, andolivopontocerebellaratrophy. This article discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for multiple system atrophy. DragonImages / iStock / Getty Images Plus What Is Multiple System Atrophy? DragonImages / iStock / Getty Images Plus MSA is usually diagnosed around 50 years of age and is seen in people of all ethnic backgrounds. What causes this loss of nerve cells is still unknown....

Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Myositis literally means muscle inflammation. Myositis-bang out inflammation is triggered by lymphocytes, white blood cells that typically protect the bodys immune system. With myositis, lymphocytes and foreign substances invade healthy muscle fibers. Jay Yuno / Getty Images Here is what you better know about myositis, including the types, symptoms, causes, and treatment. There are other forms of myositis, but they are considered much more rare....

They may be used in a variety of hospital configs, at home, or on-the-go. Nasal cannulas are less invasive than other oxygen delivery systems, most of which involve a face mask. In contrast, nasal cannulas generally don’t prohibit regular eating and talking, and they are pretty portable. Science Photo Library / Getty Images Warm, moist air combats the effects of dryness. The risk of oxygen toxicity is far greater with high-flow therapies, like hyperbaric oxygen therapy....