Melaninis a pigment made by specialized cells in the skin calledmelanocytes.
Melanin production increases with sun exposure to help protect against harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Production
Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes.
Illustration by Zoe Hansen for Verywell Health
Melanocytes have a protein on their surface called themelanocortin1 receptor (MC1R).
The MC1R gene gives instructions for making the melanocortin 1 receptor.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone produced in thepituitary glandregulates melanin production in the skin.
Both the amount and jot down of melanin determine skin and hair color.
Melanin derives from the amino acidL-tyrosine, but its chemical structure at the atomic level is not yet understood.
It acts as a shield preventing direct UV action on the DNA of epidermal cells.
Sun protection, such as sunscreen, is advised regardless of skin tone.
These changes can be localized (in certain areas) or generalized (all over).
Thishelped protect against damage resulting from UV rays, such as skin cancer.
What Does “Melanin Deficient” Mean?
An absence of melanocytes results in a loss of pigmentation.
Amount of Melanin
Generally speaking, the darker your skin, the more melanin you have.
In simple terms:
These are generalizations.
Other factors also play a role in pigmentation.
DHA is approved for external use only.
These products do not offer sun protection unless they include proper sunscreen ingredients.
Other Supplements
Some supplements are marketed to support melanin production, such as slowing hair graying.
However,supplements and dietary changes to increase melanin productionhave not been extensively studied.
Melanin vs. Melatonin
Melanin supplements can be confused withmelatonin supplements.
Summary
Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes.
Melanin helps determine the color and tone of skin, hair, and eyes.
Eumelanin produces brown to black pigment.
Pheomelanin produces red or yellow pigment.
Pigment disorders, such asalbinism, can occur when too much or too little melanin is produced.
Cosmetic sunless tanners, such as bronzers and sunless tanner lotions, are considered safe when used appropriately.
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