Understanding Multifactoral Illness and Predisposition

Genetic predisposition describes the increased chance youll develop a certaindiseasebased on your genetic makeup.

A predisposition contributes to the development of a disease but doesnt cause it.

Genetic testing can reveal a predisposition for some diseases.

Research doctors looking at a DNA strand on a computer screen

janiecbros/Getty Images

This can lead some people to take preventive measures to make it less likely they will develop the illness.

janiecbros/Getty Images

What Is Genetic Predisposition?

Genetic predisposition isnt the same as a genetic disease.

Genetic predisposition comes from genetic variations.

These gene variants differ from whats considered the standard gene most people have.

Genetic variations can be passed down from parent to child and can also occur spontaneously.

When there are multiple contributing factors, its called a multifactorial illness.

A third sibling might never develop an autoimmune condition simply because they were never exposed to a contributing factor.

Predisposition vs. DNA can be acquired from your blood, hair, urine, saliva, bone, or other tissues.

It’s often collected through a simple cheek swab.

Talk to your healthcare provider about your concerns to learn more.

Is Prevention Possible?

However, the means of prevention vary greatly depending on what disease youre predisposed to.

Genetic predisposition is not the same thing as having a genetic disease.

It simply means that you are at increased risk.

National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.What does it mean to have a genetic predisposition to a disease?.

2020;13(6):e003111.

doi:10.1161/CIRCGEN.120.003111

American Cancer Society.The cancer atlas: Reproductive and hormonal factors.

2015;8:561-569. doi:10.2147/JPR.S86573

Choy EH.The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia.Nat Rev Rheumatol.

2015;11(9):513-520. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.56

National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.HLA-B gene.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Genetic disorders.

Mahmoud R, Kimonis V, Butler MG.Genetics of obesity in humans: a clinical review.Int J Mol Sci.

2022;23(19):11005. doi:10.3390/ijms231911005

National Institute on Drug Abuse.Prevention.

Chaste P, Leboyer M.Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions.Dialogues Clin Neurosci.

2016;6(2):e730.

doi:10.1038/tp.2015.208

Henstrom M, D’Amato M.Genetics of irritable bowel syndrome.Mol Cell Pediatr.

2016;74:161-175. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2016.08.001

National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Rheumatoid arthritis.

National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.Multiple sclerosis.

Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine.Table of genetic disorders.

American Cancer Society.Preventive surgery to reduce breast cancer risk.