There are two types of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

This photo contains content that some people may find graphic or disturbing.

Cold sores are usually sparked by HSV-1, whilegenital herpesis typically linked to HSV-2.

Close-up of woman’s lips with cold sores

ancoay/ Getty Images

There is no cure or vaccine for HSV-1 or HSV-2.

Is Oral Herpes an STD?

Genital herpescanappear on thevulva or vagina,penis or scrotum, buttocks, anus, or thighs.

HSV-2 can cause herpes sores around the mouth, but this is rare.

How Oral and Genital Herpes Spread

Herpesspreads easily through close contact.

Oral herpesis most often spread through kissing or sharing items like lip balm, cups, or utensils.

Genital herpesis most often spread through sexual contactvaginal,anal, or oral sex.

Can Herpes Be Spread Without Visible Symptoms?

Although asymptomatic shedding is more common with HSV-2, it can also happen with HSV-1.

During an outbreak, the virus travels from the nerves to the skins surface, causing blisters or sores.

Some people only have one outbreak, while others get them from time to time.

Future outbreaks are usually shorter and less painful.

For many people, the virus causes recurring outbreaks, especially in the first year after infection.

Over time, these outbreaks usually become less frequent and less intense.

What Triggers Outbreaks?

Recurrence

The herpes virus remains latent in the body for life.

Recurrences occur when the virus reactivates and symptoms, such as sores, reappear.

HSV-2 is generally harder for theimmune systemto control than HSV-1, leading to more frequent outbreaks.

Summary

Cold sores and genital herpes are both sparked by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Cold sores are usually because of HSV-1, while genital herpes is typically linked to HSV-2.

American Academy of Dermatology Association.Herpes simplex: Overview.

Johns Hopkins Medicine.Herpes: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Johns Hopkins Medicine.Oral herpes.

Johns Hopkins Medicine.Genital herpes.

Cedars Sinai.Herpes simplex virus (cold sores) in children.

World Health Organization.Herpes simplex virus.