It’s not known precisely what causes renal cell carcinoma, though several strong risk factors have been identified.
Specifically, there is evidence to support tobacco as a direct cause.
Common Risk Factors
A risk factor is anything that raises the chance that cancer will develop.
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Renal cell carcinoma, as with many cancers, is often “multifactorial” in origin.
This means that a combination of risk factors may work together to increase or decrease the risk.
In the United States, there are roughly 74,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma diagnosed each year.
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma can vary depending on sex, race, and where a person lives.
For those who have genetic predispositions, these cancers arise, on average, 20 years earlier.
Native American, Black, and Hispanic females also develop these cancers more than White females.
Secondhand smoke (environmental tobacco smoke) is also linked to an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma.
Being overweight has been primarily linked to renal cell carcinomas in women.
BMI is a dated, flawed measure.
Physicians now believe that kidney transplantation may reduce the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.
Genetics
Renal cell carcinoma is associated both with several genetic syndromes.
Overall, 4% of renal cell carcinomas are considered to be hereditary.
Many are from occupational exposure.
In addition, NSAIDS prevent the production of lipids called prostaglandins, which play a role in kidney function.
There are over 10 genetic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma.
Certainly, greater management could reduce risk even further.
Moderate alcohol consumption:Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lower risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.
For those who have advanced kidney disease, careful monitoring is also needed.
Summary
Like most cancers, there is no known cause of renal cell carcinoma.
However, there are known risk factors, including smoking, obesity, and having high blood pressure.
Other risk factors include occupational chemical exposure, overuse of certain pain medications, and genetic cancer syndromes.
With any medical condition, it’s important to be your own advocate and adopt health-promoting habits.
With renal cell carcinoma, your efforts can make a difference in reducing your risk.
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