They share common features and are often confused with one another.
The differences in BPD vs. bipolar symptoms can help steer a diagnosis.
The two are also treated differently, so it’s crucial to get an accurate diagnosis.
Theresa Chiechi / Verywell
Theresa Chiechi / Verywell
This article discusses the differences and similarities between BPD and bipolar disorder.
It also details the different causes and treatments of the two mental health conditions.
Some symptoms are also more common with one versus the other.
For example, both BPD and bipolar are characterized by emotional turbulence and impulsive behavior.
But people with BPD often have unstable personal relationships, which is not as common in bipolar disorder.
Moreover, the symptoms are usually triggered by a conflict with another person or institution.
A traumatic or stressful event can also cause an increase in BPD symptoms.
With splitting, everything is either the best or the worstthere is no middle ground.
Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
The main symptoms of bipolar include dramatic changes in mood states.
The highs, or elevated, expansive, or irritable periods, are considered manic episodes.
The lows, or sad, empty, or hopeless periods, are depressive episodes.
People experiencing mania can be reckless.
They often lack self-awareness and are unable to understand how their impulses affect themselves and others.
People with bipolar I disorder often have cycles that switch from a depressive state to a manic state.
Manic symptoms sometimes include symptoms of depression within the manic episode, which is called mixed features.
How Is Bipolar Different From BPD?
On the other hand, peoplediagnosed with BPDtypically have more persistent day-to-day emotional symptoms that can impact everyday life.
Do BPD and Bipolar Have Different Causes?
There are a number of complex factors that can cause BPD or bipolar.
A history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse or parental neglect is prevalent in people with BPD.
Parental substance abuse is another potential cause.
Many people with BPD have altered brain neurotransmitter function, particularlyserotonin.
Bipolar Disorder Causes
The causes of bipolar disorder are complex.
Most agree that there is no single cause, and a combination of factors often contributes to BD.
BPD vs. Bipolar Triggers
Another difference between BPD and bipolar disorder is their triggers.
A wide range of factors can trigger bipolar episodes, while BPD episodes are typically related to relationship issues.
They have different diagnostic criteria, as outlined in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual 5thEdition(DSM-5).
Bipolaris diagnosed when a person experiences a manic episode that is preceded or followed by a depressive episode.
How Common Is Misdiagnosis?
Since the two have similar and overlapping diagnostic criteria, misdiagnosis is common.
One study estimates up to 40% of those with BPD were first misdiagnosed with bipolar.
People can also be misdiagnosed with BPD instead of bipolar.
In some cases, BPD is misdiagnosed in people who actually have autism.
This is more common in females and people with a higher IQ whose autism goes undetected in childhood.
Can You Have Both BPD and Bipolar Disorder?
Yes, in fact, it isnt uncommon for BPD and bipolar to occur simultaneously.
BPD
Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for people with BPD.
Bipolar Disorder
Having bipolar disorder increases a persons risk of mortality and shortens their life expectancy.
Research links a decreased life expectancy to poor management of underlying health conditions.
Fortunately, treating bipolar disorder can improve a person’s ability to care for their health.
Doctors can treat BD withmedicationsand psychotherapy.
Psychotherapies that can be used for the treatment of bipolar disorder include cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducation.
Other therapies designed specifically for the treatment of BD include interpersonal and social rhythm therapy and family-focused therapy.
Since both BPD and bipolar can be lifelong conditions, ongoing treatment is essential.
A Word From Verywell
Bipolar disorder and BPD are not the same.
Having bipolar or BPD can have a significant impact on your life.
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