Balanitisisinflammationof the head of thepenis(also known as the glans).
When the foreskin is also inflamed, it is referred to asbalanoposthitis.
Balanitis and balanoposthitis mainly occur in uncircumcised men.
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Balanitis is a condition affecting about 11% of adults with penises and 4% of children with penises.
It is most common in those over 40, although it can occur at any age.
This article describes the symptoms, causes, complications of balanitis and balanoposthitis.
It also provides an overview of the treatment options.
There may also be itching, bleeding, and pain with urination.
This is especially true if the condition is severe or recurrent.
Possible complications include:
Balantitis is also associated with a three-fold increased risk ofpenile cancer.
Severe or recurrent balanitis can cause changes in the penis that can interfere with urination or sex.
It also increases the risk of penile cancer.
Causes
The exact cause of balanitis and balanoposthitis is often unclear.
Poor hygiene is thought to play a central role.
The warmth and moisture under the foreskin also provide the perfect environment for bacterial and fungal infections.
These include:
Balanitis is mainly associated with poor hygiene in uncircumcised males.
Other contributing factors include harsh soaps or detergents, spermicidal lubricants, and overwashing.
Penile thrush, STD, and other infections can also lead to balanitis.
If left untreated, balanitis can lead to complications like paraphimosis.
Treatment options include:
The treatment of balanitis involves improved hygiene and the avoidance of irritants.
Infections may be treated with antibiotics or antifungals.
Circumcision may be recommended for recurrent balanitis or if there is phimosis or paraphimosis.
Summary
Balanitis is the inflammation of the head of the penis.
Symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, and a foul-smell discharge from under the foreskin.
Balanitis mainly affects people with penises who are not circumcised.
Poor hygiene, diabetes, harsh soaps and detergents, and bacterial or fungal infections contribute.
The treatment of balanitis varies by the cause.
The treatment options include antibiotics, antifungals, and, in severe or recurrent cases, circumcision.
Good penile hygiene is also essential.
Morris B, Krieger JN.Balanitis and related inflammatory conditions affecting the penis.
2016;37(2):129-138. doi:10.4103/2589-0557.192128
