Some people may also notice bleeding, unusual lumps, or a change in their bowel habits.
The earlier anal cancer can be caught, the better treatment outcomes can be.
Its important to contact a healthcare provider if experiencing any of these symptoms.
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Pain is typically due to the tumor putting pressure on surrounding nerves or tissues in the anal region.
Other symptoms often get worse as anal cancer spreads.
Lumps in the anal area may grow in size.
Some people may also lose control of their bowels or notice more discharge when not having a bowel movement.
Cancers sparked by HPV often have a precancerous growth, called a high-grade squamous epithelial lesion (HSIL).
Other early symptoms include persistent itching, discomfort, or pain around the anus.
This is a frequent urge to have a bowel movement but not being able to pass much stool.
This is often due to the pressure of the tumor.
As anal cancer grows and possibly spreads to other areas, further complications can occur.
However, before attempting any management at home, it should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Symptoms that become worse should not be ignored.
Report new or worsening symptoms right away.
Sometimes, dietary changes can be helpful for constipation and diarrhea.
Dietary interventions may include eating a high-fiber diet and avoiding spicy or greasy foods.
The goal of treatment is often to cure the cancer while still preserving the ability to use the anus.
Surgical removal may be recommended when tumors are small and havent spread.
However, a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is often the treatment approach.
This involves removing the anus and part of the rectum, and requires a permanentcolostomy.
Its important to discuss all treatment options with your healthcare provider to understand what treatment is recommended and why.
A common side effect of radiation therapy is skin irritation in the treated area.
The skin around the anus can become red, sore, and tender, like a sunburn.
This can make sitting or using the bathroom uncomfortable.
Diarrhea or a change in bowel habits are also common side effects of radiation.
Chemotherapy can cause side effects, which can vary by the chemotherapy medications given.
Summary
Anal cancer symptoms may initially be attributed to less serious conditions like hemorrhoids.
Common symptoms include rectal bleeding, itching, and changes in bowel habits.
As the cancer progresses, these symptoms can worsen.
Advanced cases may cause GI issues, fistulas, and severe pain.
Treatment options vary by stage, and may include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
National Cancer Institute.Anal cancer treatment- patient version.
2022;386(24):2273-2282.
2020;26(3):381-384.
