Cough suppressants (antitussives) work by blocking the cough reflex in your brain so that you cough less.
For more severe coughs, your healthcare provider may prescribe a medication formulated with codeine or hydrocodone.
Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan is the primary over-the-counter cough suppressant.
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It is appropriate for anonproductive cough(a dry cough that doesn’t bring up phlegm).
Furthermore, studies have not shown that any OTC product improves acute cough significantly in children or adults.
Dextromethorphan is a synthetically manufactured chemical cousin to codeine.
It is a known drug ofabuse, especially in younger people.
Brand name products containing dextromethorphan include:
Combination products are numerous.
Often, “DM” included in a product’s name indicates that it contains dextromethorphan.
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine commonly used for allergy symptoms and runny nose in colds.
It acts in the medulla of the brain to suppress the cough reflex.
These medications should only be used by children 12 years and above.
Codeine
Codeine is a classic antitussive.
Codeine may be found in combination with antihistamines and decongestants.
The FDA revised labeling requirements for codeine-containing medications in 2018.
They warn that they should not be taken by children and teens under age 18.
The danger is that hydrocodone can depress breathing at higher doses, and it can have psychoactive effects.
Prescription cough and cold medications containing hydrocodone include:
Giving prescription cough medicines to kids or teens is dangerous.
They can slow their breathing to dangerous levels and can even be fatal.
Antitussive drugs like codeine are also linked to a high risk of addiction.
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