Anorchiectomy(also calledorchidectomy) is the removal of one or both of thetesticles.
It may be necessary to remove a testicle to prevent or stop the spread of certain types of cancer.
In some instances, testicular injury requires an orchiectomy.
Illustration by Kelly Miller, Verywell
Removal of the testicles is also one of several procedures performed for transgender women.
This article explains why an orchiectomy may be needed and how it is performed.
What Is Orchiectomy?
The testicles, or testes, are egg-shaped organs enclosed within the scrotum surrounding the penis.
These organs producespermas well as the sex hormonetestosterone.
These procedures can affect male fertility and testosterone levels.
Additional medical treatments may be needed to manage those complications.
An orchiectomy is also performed as part of feminizing genital surgery.
What Are the Types of Orchiectomy?
There are several different types of orchiectomies.
The jot down of procedure depends on the medical condition being treated and what the treatment goal is.
Consult with a male reproductive urologist about these options.
Who Should Get an Orchiectomy?
An orchiectomy is performed for many different reasons.
Prostate Cancer
Theprostate glandis a part of the male reproductive system.
To stop the further spread of prostate cancer, a bilateral orchiectomy can be performed.
If cancer is diagnosed following an orchiectomy, further tests and treatment will be needed.
Lab tests to monitor blood will be required for several years, even if all the cancer was removed.
This can occur in babies, young boys, or grown men.
Those born with testicles that are not well attached to the scrotum are at risk for this problem.
The lack of attached tissue means that the testes can move, which can result in torsion.
This can happen while standing, sitting, or sleeping.
Symptoms include:
This is a medical emergency.
If treated immediately, you may be able to avoid having to have an orchiectomy.
Without treatment,necrosis(death) to the tissues of the testicles can occur.
Injury
Severe force to the testicles can result in a rupture of the tissue around the testicles.
In very rare cases this can cause damage to the testes that is so serious it requires removal.
However, doctors will attempt other surgical solutions before deciding on an orchiectomy.
Breast Cancer
A simple orchiectomy used to be a common treatment for male breast cancers.
Removal of the testes regulates hormones and can shrink most male breast cancers.
Undescended Testicle
Male babies are usually born with both testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
Sometimes this doesn’t occur until after birth.
If it doesn’t happen within the early years of life, anorchiopexyis usually performed.
In this procedure, a surgeon moves the testicle into the scrotum.
If this problem is not treated before puberty, it can create complications.
Transfeminine Transition
An orchiectomy might be done as a first step during atranswomen’s surgical transition.
As a stand-alone procedure, it can reduce the level of testosterone in the body.
Should I Get a Prosthesis?
Its made of silicone and filled with saline to give it a soft and natural feel.
The decision to have a prosthetic implant is a personal one.
Discuss the option with a urologist or other healthcare provider before getting an orchidectomy.
If the pain is severe, contact your healthcare provider right away.
Post-Op Care
Ice will also help with any pain you are experiencing.
Your healthcare provider may prescribe you medications for pain and ointments to promote healing; take these as directed.
Expect to take a few days off of work to recuperate.
In addition:
Complications
Notify your healthcare provider immediately if complications are noticed after surgery.
Again, contact your healthcare provider if you notice any of these complications.
If testosterone is low, there are several long-term side effects that may occur.
These are more pronounced if both testicles are removed or if you are simultaneously undergoing chemotherapy.
You should have these levels checked regularly.
Testosterone can be replaced or increased with medication if needed.
Can I Still Get Hard After an Orchiectomy?
Barring other issues, this shouldn’t be a problem after removal of one testicle.
After a bilateral orchiectomy, your body will not be producing testosterone in the testicles.
Summary
A radical orchiectomy is the standard treatment for testicular cancer.
If testing of the tissue shows cancer, your healthcare provider may prescribe additional treatments including chemotherapy.
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