There are four typesperipheral, proximal, focal, and autonomicthat differ by their locations and causes.
Neuropathy can be treated directly with medications or by treating the underlying cause, such as diabetes.
This article describes the four types of neuropathy, including their symptoms and causes.
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It also explains how neuropathy is diagnosed and treated.
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Neuropathy Types
Neuropathy can affect different nerves throughout the body.
Symptoms vary based on which nerve or nerve group is affected.
It mainly stems from systemic conditions that affect the entire body.
Peripheral neuropathy is often described as having a stocking-glove pattern because it affects the hands and feet more severely.
The symptoms are typically symmetrical, meaning that both sides of the body are affected equally.
The lower body is more commonly affected.
Proximal neuropathy is a rare form of neuropathy closely linked totype 2 diabetes.
It can occur on its own or with peripheral neuropathy.
Proximal neuropathy is mostly seen in adults over 50.
Males are affected more than females.
If a focal nerve in the head is affected, it can be described as cranial neuropathy.
As with proximal neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy is predominantly associated with diabetes.
Usually, treatment of neuropathy is focused on preventing nerve and myelin damage by controlling the underlying cause.
Symptomatic treatment is usually necessary to relieve discomfort or pain.
These medications affect nerve activity in a way that can subdue the pain.
Generally, the medications must be taken several times per day for pain relief.
Standard pain medications are not typically effective for controlling neuropathic pain.
Summary
Neuropathy is damage or dysfunction of a nerve.
Autonomic neuropathy and proximal neuropathy affect larger nerves and can cause substantial symptoms.
Inflammatory disease is a common culprit.
Focal neuropathy is often sparked by nerve compression.
Treatment of neuropathy is very important for preventing permanent and severe nerve damage.
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Proximal neuropathy.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Focal neuropathy.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.Autonomic neuropathy.
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